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Quaternary ammonium is an organic compound in which the ammonia molecule is tetrasubstituted with carbon and has a cationic state. Salts of quaternary ammonium have been found in nature as biological compounds like acetylcholine chloride [A0084], trimethylglycine [B0455] and L-carnitine [C0049].
A lot of quaternary ammonium salts have been synthesized and the various applications have been reported so far. For example, in organic chemistry, tetramethylammonium hydroxide is used as an organic base. There are also various quaternary ammonium chlorides, bromides, iodides, intramolecular salts, etc. They are used as alkylating agents, phase transfer catalysts, deprotecting agents, ionic liquids, electrolytes, surfactants, and other materials.
TCI offers many quaternary ammonium salts listed in this page.
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Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide
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Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) is used as a methyl esterification agent1) or a base catalyst.1,2) Its use as a surface cleaner1) or an etching agent1,3) has also been reported.
References
- 1) Tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- 2) Tetraethylammonium Hydroxide
- 3) Change in Orientation-Dependent Etching Properties of Single-Crystal Silicon Caused by a Surfactant Added to TMAH Solution
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Tetraethylammonium Hydroxide
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Tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAH) has been reported to be used as a base catalyst,1,2) an ion-pair reagent,3) and a raw material for zeolite synthesis.3)
References
- 1) Tetraethylammonium Hydroxide
- 2) A Study of Some Condensations of o-Methylolphenol
- 3) Mixed ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography of uridine 5′-diphospho-α-D-glucuronic acid and its hydrolysis products
- 4) Crystallization mechanism of zeolite beta from (TEA)2O, Na2O and K2O containing aluminosilicate gels.
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Tetrapropylammonium Hydroxide
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Tetrapropropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) has been reported to be used as an ion-pair reagent1) and a raw material for zeolite synthesis.2)
References
- 1) Influence of organic bases on the stability and separation properties of reversed-phase chemically bonded silica gels
- 2) Crystallization of ZSM-5 with relatively high (Me2/n)2O/(TPA)2O reactant ratios
Products
- T0964
- Tetrapropylammonium Hydroxide (10% in Water)
- T0171
- Tetrapropylammonium Hydroxide (10% in Water) (Bromide: max. 0.10 %)
- T1020
- Tetrapropylammonium Hydroxide (20-25% in Water)
- T1565
- Tetrapropylammonium Hydroxide (ca. 40% in Water)
- I1130
- Tetrapropylammonium Hydroxide (10% in Water) [Reagent for Ion-Pair Chromatography]
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Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide
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Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) has been reported to be used as a strong base,1) a phase transfer catalyst,1,2) an ion-pair reagent,3) a polymerization catalyst,4) and a raw material for zeolite synthesis.5)
References
- 1) Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide
- 2) Adsorption at the liquid–liquid interface: An important factor in phase‐transfer catalysis
- 3) Thermoanalytical studies of high silica ZSM-5 zeolites containing organic templateS
- 4) Synthesis of polyetherols with s‐triazine ring catalyzed by tetrabutylammonium hydroxide
- 5) Influence of organic bases on the stability and separation properties of reversed-phase chemically bonded silica gels
Products
- T0955
- Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide (10% in Water) (Bromide: max. 0.5 %)
- T0216
- Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide (10% in Water) (Bromide: max. 0.005 %)
- T1685
- Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide (40% in Water)
- T0717
- Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide (10% in Methanol)
- T1948
- Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide (37% in Methanol)
- T0056
- Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide (10% in Isopropyl Alcohol)
- I0364
- Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide (10% in Water) [Reagent for Ion-Pair Chromatography]
- T0041
- Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide (10% in Methanol) [for non-aqueous titration]
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Benzyltrimethylammonium Hydroxide
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Benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide is used as a strong base and a phase transfer catalyst,1) and its use as an etching agent2) has also been reported.
References
- 1) Benzyltrimethylammonium Hydroxide
- 2) Adsorption at the liquid–liquid interface: An important factor in phase‐transfer catalysis
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Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride
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Tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) is used as a deprotecting agent1) and a fluorinating agent.1,2)
References
- 1) Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride
- 2) Synthesis of 2-Deoxy-2-fluoro-D-mannose Using Fluoride Ion
Products
- T1339
- Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride (70-75% in Water)
- T1338
- Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride (ca. 1mol/L in Tetrahydrofuran)
- T1125
- Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride (ca. 1mol/L in Tetrahydrofuran) [for Catalyst of silylation and cleavage of silyl ether]
- T1037
- Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride Hydrate [for Catalyst of silylation and cleavage of silyl ether]
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Tetrabutylammonium Chloride
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Tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBACl) has been used as a phase transfer catalyst1) and an ion-pair reagent2) for HPLC analysis.
References
- 1) Stability of quaternary onium salts under phase-transfer conditions in the presence of aqueous alkaline solutions
- 2) N-Pyrrolyl Derivative Acids Chromatography
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Tetrabutylammonium Bromide
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Tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) has been reported to be used not only as a phase transfer catalyst1) but also as an ion-pairing reagent2) for HPLC analysis.
References
- 1) Tetrabutylammonium Bromide
- 2) Ion-interaction in high performance liquid chromatography of benzenesulfonic acids on Amberlite XAD-2
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Tetrabutylammonium Iodide
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Tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) has been reported to be used not only as a phase transfer catalyst1) but also as an electrolyte.2)
References
- 1) Tetrabutylammonium Iodide
- 2) Influence of electrolytes on the photovoltaic performance of organic dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cells
Products
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Benzyltriethylammonium Chloride
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Benzyltriethylammonium chloride (BTEAC) has been reported to be used not only as a phase transfer catalyst 1,2) but also as a polymerization catalyst.3)
References
- 1) Benzyltriethylammonium Chloride
- 2) Phase Transfer Catalysis
- 3) Polyimides having pendant hydroxy and acetoxy groups. I. Synthesis of polyimides from pyromellitimide and bisepoxides
Products
Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide
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Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide is a surfactant also called as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). CTAB has been reported to be used as an organic template for mesoporous silica synthesis,1) a capping agent for gold nanoparticles2), and a DNA extraction reagent.3)
References
- 1) A new family of mesoporous molecular sieves prepared with liquid crystal templates
- 2) Gold Nanorods: Electrochemical Synthesis and Optical Properties
- 3) Rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA
Products
TCI also has a number of other quaternary ammonium salts available. Please see Ammonium Salts (Quaternary) [Chemical Structural Class].