Ammonium Salt Suitable for Passivation of p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite solar cells, which can be manufactured by solution process and exhibit high photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE), are entering the phase of commercialization as next-generation solar cells.¹⁾ n-i-p type perovskite solar cells use a technique called “passivation”, in which structural defects on the layer surface are repaired by applying an ammonium salt such as 2-phenylethylamine hydroiodide after forming the perovskite layer. The passivation technique not only improves PCE, but also improves resistance to external degradation factors such as heat and moisture. On the other hand, in p-i-n type perovskite solar cells, passivation of the perovskite layer has been reported to cause electron blocking. Thiomorpholine hydroiodide (SMORI, 1) is a passivation reagent suitable for p-i-n type perovskite solar cells.²⁾ After deposition and annealing of 1 onto a perovskite layer, a quasi-2D perovskite layer can be formed, which is advantageous to the high durability of the perovskite layer. Compared to an untreated perovskite layer, the layer treated with 1 has a conduction band energy level closer to the LUMO of the electron transport layer, which allows for smooth electron transfer. p-i-n perovskite solar cells treated with 1 exhibit a PCE of 24.55% (V_OC = 1.187 V, FF = 82.11%, and J_SC = 25.19 mA cm^-2).²⁾ In an accelerated degradation test at 85 °C, the PCE of the device without 1 was reduced by more than 30% from the initial PCE at 200 hours, whereas with 1, 90% of the initial PCE was maintained after 800 hours.

References

• 1) Achievements, challenges, and future prospects for industrialization of perovskite solar cells
  • C. Yang, W. Hu, J. Liu, C. Han, Q. Gao, A. Mei, Y. Zhou, F. Guo, H. Han, Light Sci. Appl. 2024, 13, 227.
• 2) Dimensional Regulation from 1D/3D to 2D/3D of Perovskite Interfaces for Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
  • T. Wang, L. Bi, L. Yang, Z. Zeng, X. Ji, Z. Hu, S.-W. Tsang, H.-L. Yip, Q. Fu, A. K.-Y. Jen, Y. Liu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2024, 146, 7555.

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