4-Thiouridine

References

• Transcriptome-wide identification of RNA-binding protein and microRNA target sites by PAR-CLIP
  • M. Hafner, M. Landthaler, L. Burger, M. Khorshid, J. Hausser, P. Berninger, A. Rothballer, M. Ascano Jr, A.-C. Jungkamp, M. Munschauer, A. Ulrich, G. S. Wardle, S. Dewell, M. Zavolan, T. Tuschl, Cell 2010, 141, 129.
• Thermodynamics of RNA−RNA Duplexes with 2- or 4-Thiouridines:  Implications for Antisense Design and Targeting a Group I Intron
  • S. M. Testa, M. D. Disney, D. H. Turner, R. Kierzek, Biochemistry 1999, 38, 16655.


Application
4-Thiouridine: A Photoactive Ribonucleoside Analog Used for RNA Analysis Methods
4-Thiouridine (s⁴U or 4sU) is a photoactive ribonucleoside analog found in transfer RNA (tRNA), and absorbs light at wavelengths longer than 320 nm and, thus, can be selectively photo-activated.^1,2) Recently, 4-thiouridine has been widely used for RNA analysis methods based on the photo-activity, such as PAR-CLIP (photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation)^3-5) and SLAM seq (thiol (SH)-linked alkylation for the metabolic sequencing of RNA)⁶⁾. (The product is for research purpose only.)

References

• 1) Thionucleobases as intrinsic photoaffinity probes of nucleic acid structure and nucleic acid-protein interactions (a review)
• A. Favre, C. Saintomé, J.-L. Fourrey, P. Clivio, P. Laugâa, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 1998, 42, 109.
• 2) Site-specific RNA crosslinking with 4-thiouridine (a review)
• Erik J. Sontheimer, Mol. Biol. Rep. 1994, 20, 35.
• 3) Transcriptome-wide identification of RNA-binding protein and microRNA target sites by PAR-CLIP
• M. Hafner, M. Landthaler, L. Burger, M. Khorshid, J. Hausser, P. Berninger, A. Rothballer, M. Ascano Jr., A.-C. Jungkamp, M. Munschauer, A. Ulrich, G. S. Wardle, S. Dewell, M. Zavolan, T. Tuschl, Cell 2010, 141, 129.
• 4) PAR-CLIP (photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation): a step-by-step protocol to the transcriptome-wide identification of binding sites of RNA-binding proteins (a review)
• Jessica Spitzer, Markus Hafner, Markus Landthaler, Manuel Ascano, Thalia Farazi, Greg Wardle, Jeff Nusbaum, Mohsen Khorshid, Lukas Burger, Mihaela Zavolan, Thomas Tuschl, Methods Enzymol. 2014, 539, 113.
• 5) Optimization of PAR-CLIP for transcriptome-wide identification of binding sites of RNA-binding proteins (a review)
• A. Garzia, C. Meyer, P. Morozov, M. Sajek, T. Tuschl, Methods 2017, 118-119, 24.
• 6) Thiol-linked alkylation of RNA to assess expression dynamics
• V. A. Herzog, B. Reichholf, T. Neumann, P. Rescheneder, P. Bhat, T. R. Burkard, W. Wlotzka, A. von Haeseler, J. Zuber, S. L. Ameres, Nat. Methods 2017, 14, 1198.