Self-Assembly Monolayer Forming Agent for Highly Efficient Tandem Solar Cells

　Perovskite solar cell receives good attention as the next generation of solar cells due to their characteristic features of high efficiency and low cost. Recently, researchers have started developing upscaling of the solar cells by a printing technique and tandem solar cells with other solar cells.
　One important issue for the industrialization of the perovskite solar cell is the improvement of the stability of the hole transport layer. There have been some reports on high efficiency, stability and cost reduction by introducing a self-assembly monolayer (SAM) into the hole transport layer. Albrecht and Getautis et al. developed some carbazole-based SAM-forming materials (2PACz and MeO-2PACz) with phosphonic acid as an anchoring group. These SAM materials effectively formed hole contact layers on metal oxide surfaces. A solar cell device with SAM materials can realize a high open-circuit voltage (V_oc) and fill factor (FF) by enabling high speed hole extraction and minimizing non-radiative recombination.
　Quite recently, they also developed Me-4PACz (1) with modified alkyl chain lengths and substituents on the carbazole moiety of 2PACz. A perovskite solar cell with 1 can realize more than 20% efficiency, which is comparable with those of the 2PACz and MeO-2PACz devices. 1 is particularly effective for a tandem solar cell and showed V_oc 1.92 V, FF 84%, and 29.15% efficiency in perovskite-silicon tandem cells.

References

• 1) Conformal monolayer contacts with lossless interfaces for perovskite single junction and monolithic tandem solar cells
  • A. Al-Ashouri, A. Magomedov, V. Getautis, S. Albrecht, et al., Energy Environ. Sci. 2019, 12, 3356.
• 2) Co-Evaporated p-i-n perovskite solar cells beyond 20% efficiency: Impact of substrate temperature and hole-transport layer
  • M. Roß, S. Albrecht et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 39261.
• 3) Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell with >29% efficiency by enhanced hole extraction
  • A. Al-Ashouri, A. Magomedov, V. Getautis, S. Albrecht, et al., Science 2020, 370, 1300.
• 4) Self-assembled monolayer enables hole transport layer-free organic solar cells with 18% efficiency and improved operational stability
  • Y. Firdaus, T. D. Anthopoulos et al., ACS Energy Lett. 2020, 5, 2935.
• 5) 20.8% slot-die coated MAPbI₃ perovskite solar cells by optimal DMSO-content and age of 2-ME based precursor inks
  • J. Li, A. Abate, E. Unger et al., Adv. Energy Mater. 2021, 11, 2003460.

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