Vitamin C Derivative

No.163(October 2014)

A2521: L-Ascorbic Acid 2-Phosphate Sesquimagnesium Salt Hydrate (1)

Since Martin successfully isolated and established pluripotent cell lines with the properties of teratocarcinoma stem cells directly from normal early mouse embryos in vitro,¹⁾ research on embryonic stem (ES) cells has progressed year after year.

In 2006, S Yamanaka et al. identified factors for inducing pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells.²⁾ Since then, technologies to establish induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have been developed.

Recently, ascorbic acid was found to enhance the generation of iPS cells³⁾ and the cardiac differentiation of ES cells⁴⁾ and iPS cells.⁵⁾ Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate is a stable derivative of ascorbic acid and has been used as a supplement instead of ascorbic acid.^6,7) The application of ascorbic acid 2-phosphate for the field described above has been demonstrated, i.e. serum-free culture,⁸⁾ feeder-independent culture,⁹⁾ etc.

References

1)Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells
- G. R. Martin, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1981, 78, 7634.
2)Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors
- K. Takahashi, S. Yamanaka, Cell 2006, 126, 663.
3)Vitamin C enhances the generation of mouse and human induced pluripotent stem cells
- M. A. Esteban, T. Wang, B. Qin, J. Yang, D. Qin, J. Cai, W. Li, Z. Weng, J. Chen, S. Ni, K. Chen, Y. Li, X. Liu, J. Xu, S. Zhang, F. Li, W. He, K. Labuda, Y. Song, A. Peterbauer, S. Wolbank, H. Redl, M. Zhong, D. Cai, L. Zeng, D. Pei, Cell Stem Cell 2010, 6, 71.
4)Ascorbic acid enhances differentiation of embryonic stem cells into cardiac myocytes
- T. Takahashi, B. Lord, P. C. Schulze, R. M. Fryer, S. S. Sarang, S. R. Gullans, R. T. Lee, Circulation 2003, 107, 1912.
5)Ascorbic acid enhances the cardiac differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells through promoting the proliferation of cardiac progenitor cells
- N. Cao, Z. Liu, Z. Chen, J. Wang, T. Chen, X. Zhao, Y. Ma, L. Qin, J. Kang, B. Wei, L. Wang, Y. Jin, H.-T. Yang, Cell Res. 2012, 22, 219.
6)L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate stimulates collagen accumulation, cell proliferation, and formation of a three-dimensional tissuelike substance by skin fibroblasts
- R. Hata, H. Senoo, J. Cell. Physiol. 1989, 138, 8.
7)Effects of ascorbic acid and ascorbic acid 2-phosphate, a long-acting vitamin C derivative, on the proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblast-like cells
- S. Takamizawa, Y. Maehata, K. Imai, H. Senoo, S. Sato, R. Hata, Cell Biol. Int. 2004, 28, 255.
8)Development of a serum-free system to expand dental-derived stem cells: PDLSCs and SHEDs
- S. A. Tarle, S. Shi, D. Kaigler, J. Cell. Physiol. 2011, 226, 66.
9)Feeder-independent culture of human embryonic stem cells
- T. E. Ludwig, V. Bergendahl, M. E. Levenstein, J. Yu, M. D. Probasco, J. A. Thomson, Nat. Methods 2006, 3, 637.

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