Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) and Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain-Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization | Tokyo Chemical Industry (India) Pvt. Ltd.

text.skipToContent text.skipToNavigation

Caution Notice:
It has come to our notice that certain fraudulent individuals or entities are misusing our Company’s name and TCI’s registered trademarks by promoting and offering for sale regulated and hazardous chemical substances, including Potassium Cyanide, through online platforms like YouTube. We hereby categorically clarify that TCI has no association or connection whatsoever with the products being displayed or sold in these or similar videos. These products have been falsely represented as being associated with TCI, and the unauthorized use of our trademark and brand name is both illegal and misleading. TCI Chemicals is a responsible global organization committed to adhering to all applicable international and domestic regulatory frameworks. We do not manufacture, distribute, or engage in the sale of regulated chemical substances in India or in any other jurisdiction unless specifically authorized by the relevant laws and regulatory agencies. All our operations and offerings are governed by stringent safety, quality, and compliance protocols in accordance with applicable laws. Further, TCI Chemicals markets and sells its products exclusively through its official website and authorized distributors. We do not sell, endorse, or supply our products through any third-party platforms, unauthorized agents, or resellers. Any individual or organization purchasing products outside these official channels does so at their own risk, and TCI disclaims all responsibility and liability for any consequences arising therefrom. Members of the public, customers, and partners are strongly advised to exercise caution and conduct due diligence before engaging in any transactions involving products claiming association with TCI Chemicals. The official list of our authorized distributors is publicly available and may be accessed at: https://www.tcichemicals.com/IN/en/distributor/index. We are currently pursuing appropriate legal remedies against those misusing our brand, and we reserve all rights available to us under applicable intellectual property and criminal laws. If you become aware of any such fraudulent activity or require clarification, you may reach out to us at: Sales-IN@TCIchemicals.com. Your vigilance and cooperation are essential in safeguarding the public interest and protecting the integrity of the TCI brand.

India

My Account

Orders

Quick Order Form

Quotes

Saved Carts

Account Details

Sign Out
Sign In
- Sign in
- Register
₹0.00

- Sign in
- Register

Maximum quantity allowed is 999

Please select the quantity

Products > Featured Products >

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization are the two most prevalent controlled radical polymerization (CRP) methods.¹⁾ Because of their ability to control resultant polymers and their wide monomers and solvents scope, ATRP and RAFT polymerization have extended material development possibility of materials scientists and life scientists. For instance, these polymerization methods enable scientists to synthesize specialized structure polymers including star shaped or hyper branched polymers, and grafted polymers from various substrates or nanoparticles. Therefore ATRP and RAFT polymerization techniques are used in research and industrial applications like lubricants and medical applications such as bioconjugates and drug delivery systems (DDS).^2,3)

Comparison between ATRP and RAFT polymerization

ATRP and RAFT polymerization techniques are both capable to synthesize polymers with controlled average molecular weights, molecular weight distributions, and structures. In addition to that, they are beneficial to polymerize acrylic monomers and styrene monomers which are easy to synthesize functional monomers and applicable to conventional free radical polymerization.

	ATRP	RAFT Polymerization
Reagents	ATRP initiators Ligands Transition metal catalysts	RAFT agents (chain-transfer agent，CTA) Radical initiators
End groups
End groups removal	Mainly for improving stability of resultant polymers nBu₃SnH,⁴⁾ Pd/C and H₂,⁵⁾ 10-Phenylphenothiazine and lights,⁶⁾ etc. are used.	Mainly for removing color and odor of resultant polymers Radical induced reduction, radical addition-fragmentation-coupling, thermolysis, photo-reduction using 10-Phenylphenothiazine, etc.^6,7,8)
End groups functionalization	Ref. 9, 10 e. g.)	Ref. 7, 8 e. g.)
Polymerization in aqueous media	Challenging	Applicable
Acidic monomers	Unfavorable	Applicable
pH	Not applicable in low-pH because of protonation of ligands	Not applicable in high-pH because of degradation of RAFT agents
Oxygen tolerance	Although conventional method has no oxygen tolerance, several oxygen tolerant ATRPs have been reported.¹¹⁾	PET-RAFT polymerization is known as oxygen tolerance method.¹²⁾
Other advantage	Generally coloring is not problematic without end group removal/fuctionalization.	Because RAFT is performed just adding RAFT agent to free radical polymerization system, existing facilities for free radical polymerization might be applied.

Page Top

Common ATRP initiators, ATRP ligands, RAFT agents appropriate to each monomers

The table below shows representative ATRP and RAFT reagents used to polymerize acrylates, acrylamides, methacrylates, and methacrylamides, which are frequently used by materials scientists and life scientists.
Careful selection of initiator and ligand for ATRP, and careful selection of RAFT agent according to monomer structures are required for achieving sufficient control.