Itoh
et al. have reported the aerobic photooxidative carbon–carbon bond formation between tertiary amines and carbon nucleophiles. According to their results, in the presence of molecular oxygen and
2-chloroanthraquinone catalyst, 2-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline reacts with carbon nucleophiles such as nitroalkanes to form a carbon–carbon bond by the visible-light irradiation promoted radical process. This reaction can be expected to be an environmentally-friendly catalytic oxidation method because it uses an organic photocatalyst with molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant and visible light from a general-purpose fluorescent lamp.